Gas laughs have shown potential as treatment for depression

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Nitro oxide, or gas laugh, is general anesthesia

 Nitro oxide, also known as gas laughing, has shown promises as treatment for depression. When people breathe low doses as part of a small study, their depression improves for the next two weeks.


It has long been known that nitro oxide can provide a brief encouragement for the mood and relieve pain - therefore the real name of the gas laughs - but the effect is thought quickly. Nitro oxide is one of the most common anestheses, used by hospitals, operations and dental paramedics, and is illegally available in small capsules for recreational use.


Gas seems to mainly affect the brain by blocking molecules in nerve cells called N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. This is the same thing targeted by stronger ketamine anesthesia, which also reduces depression; Similar chemicals to ketamine recently approved as a new intranasal spray treatment.



It is not known how NMDA receptors change the mood. But when the antidepressant effect on ketamine began to appear, Peter Nagele, then an anesthetic expert at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, wondering whether Nitrous Oxide has the same potential.


In 2014, he found that inhalation of one hour of nitrate oxide reduced symptoms until a day in people with depression that had not improved after trying standard antidepressant drugs, but the study did not record whether the effect lasted longer.

The use of prolonged nitro oxides can cause nausea and headaches. So, in the latest research, the Nagele team compared nitric oxide half a dose and full dosage treatment by inhaling a mixture of air placebo and oxygen, at 24 people with medical depression. They were given a dose a month for three months.

On two weeks, after treatment of half a dose, the symptoms of depression have decreased an average of five points on the scale of depression rating commonly used, compared to placebo, significant benefits. After full dose treatment, depression symptoms decrease a little more, even though the difference is very small so that it can appear by chance. The half-dose group also has a much lower incidence of side effects, such as nausea, headache, and mild concern.


Like ketamine, nitrosa oxide has the benefit of increasing the mood quickly, said Nagele, who is now at Chicago University in Illinois. "Something happened in the brain - like flipping switch. But how this works, no one knows."

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